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Termites' digestive system contains an assortment of microorganisms to assist in the digestion of this plant fibre cellulose.
There are more than 350 species of termites in Australia, and several are considered pests. Only about 20 species cause damage to buildings. In Victoria, there are five species which cause damage to both buildings and wooden structures.
Termites play important ecological roles by providing nest holes for lizards, birds and possums, breaking down organic matter, returning nutrients to soil and assisting with soil aeration.
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Termites are often wrongly called white ants. This term should not be used since they are neither white nor ants.
Termites live and work collectively in nests or colonies. Members of the colony take different forms or castes. These include:
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These are the sensual forms of the colony including future kings and queens of colonies yet to be established.
The reproductives live in a central chamber in the nest in which a female, or queen, will lay many thousands of eggs each year over her life span of approximately 10 years. Man, or kings, are responsible for fertilising the queens. Multiple reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites grow in the colony by shedding cuticles in the end of every growth phase, gradually changing until they get to the worker, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens die, some supplementary reproductives can carry on the colony as neotenics.
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Reproductives are generally darker than employees and soldiers. They have have a peek at this website functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) can resist the outside environment. Once flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are lost and piles of discard wings are a fantastic hint to termite infestations.
Soldiers have darker, heads that are larger than the other castes. They are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from most toxins, exposure, or starvation. It is their role to defend the colony, if upset, while the damage is fixed by the employees.
Soldiers exist in different types. Many species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, such as ants.
Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and therefore are only infrequently found as pests in Victoria. They've a snout from which they eject a tacky solution which irritates and glues attackers.
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Phragmotic soldiers have a very large head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. The termites, that use this strategy, are only occasional introductions to read review Victoria.
The employees account for the largest number of termites within the colony, and are therefore responsible for the most damage.
They collect food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are thought to operate 24 hours per day throughout their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs that have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
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As soon as they're old enough, the young work within the colony where jobs change with age and adulthood.
Once a single colony becomes sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives which wait in specially constructed chambers until ready to leave the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest as a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still air, and sometimes light. Termites are not strong fliers and usually only fly around 1km, although breezes and updrafts can take them.
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Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and emits a calling scent. Males quickly respond.
They dig in and within the next few weeks, partner and look after their young until enough employees grow i thought about this to take over the maintenance functions.
New colonies are created via budding. This is thought to occur when the extremities of the colony lose contact and become independent.